SEOmoz, a leading resource for all things related to search engine optimization, posted a fantastic article on their blog about on-page optimization.  On-Page optimization is any optimization you can do on the actual page to help that page rank better in the search engines.   Optimizing your actual web page is only a portion of what Google looks at when it ranks your web site but it’s one of the easiest parts of the equation for you to control.

The article by SEOmoz, does an excellent job of breaking down all the elements that you should pay attention to when trying to get better rankings on your site.  You can check it out by going to Building an Optimized Page